Computers are electronic machines that carry out arithmetic and logical functions. Programs are the set of operations that a computer carries out. A computer process large amounts of data. The computers work on a binary system of 1 and 0 as an executable program code. Goal-oriented tasks are performed by a computer. Computing techniques are used in different disciplines. From simple electronic daily appliances to high-level, complex machines use different types of computers as a control system. Every industry uses different types of the computer to obtain related objectives.
History of Computer
Different types of computing devices have been in use for more than a millennium, computer systems are categorized according to their era:
Pre Computer Era
The earliest form of the computer comprises mechanical devices used to compute the data. With the rise of subjects such as mathematics, there was a rise in different types of concepts that used the analysis of raw data. Moreover, these raw data used to be in large amounts, and it was practically impossible to analyze these raw data forms manually. The early form of computers helped in processing mathematical data effectively. The 0th generation served as a base for designing a new generation of computers.
1st Generation
These computers used vacuum tubes as part of their electronic circuits. When operated these computers took up a lot of space. These computer systems were also sluggish
2nd Generation
The transistors replaced the vacuum system with the development of technology. This led to a drastic decrease in the size of computers. The speed of these computer systems also improved significantly.
3rd Generation
The integrated circuits reduced the size of these computer systems. These ICs still serve as a foundation for electronic circuits used in computer systems.
4th Generation
The computer circuits used large-scale integrated circuits integration. This type of computer is soo small so that you can also keep it on the desk.
5th Generation
The computer system uses large-scale integrated circuits. These systems of computers are used currently. The performance and efficiency of these computer systems are very high. Smartphones are one of the most popular used computer systems.
Components of a Computer
A computing system is a combination of different components. These components can be categorized into the following:
Hardware Components
They comprise all the physical components present in the computer. Following are the hardware components in the computer:
- Central Processing Unit: It is that component in the computer system responsible for processing all the functions in the computer. The processor conducts all the input/output and processing-related functions of the computer. Modern computers have an arithmetic logical unit (ALU) responsible for the conduction of various logical processes, a graphical processing unit (GPU) for processing the visual data, and a control unit used to gain access to different units of the computer.
- Monitor: This output device displays the computer output
- Keyboard and Mouse: It is useful to insert data
- Random Access Memory: Computer memory that stores instructions
- Storage System: The following is helpful to store data:
- Hard Disks: The storage device uses electromagnetic data to store digital data in the computer.
- Disk Drives: They are removable storage devices that store data in the form of optical light
- Flash Drives: These types of drives incorporate a USB system for accessibility
Software System
They comprise of virtual component of the computer system. These systems comprise a combination of different instructions used to function a certain task. There are three categories of computer software:
- System Software: The computer uses this software to operate. A computer requires system software to operate. System software acts as a medium to operate the computer system with the help of hardware devices.
- Application Software: The computer uses this software for specific tasks. Different users use different types of application software to operate certain tasks.
- Utility Software: The computer uses this software to improve the overall functionality of the computer. Antivirus is a popular example of utility software.
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